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For centuries man was seen as created in the image of God, distinct from any other animal. Then, Darwin persuasively argued that mankind and other species are descended from common ancestors; most scientists soon agreed.
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$ 18.00
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Hume thought the entire world is constituted of the perceptions from our sense-experience. He had profound doubts about our ability to know anything with certainty. Hume was skeptical of science and vigorously attacked proofs of the existence of God.
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$ 18.00
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by Audio Tapes
Kant believed that reason, the most fundamental human faculty, creates a world where all events are casually connected; it enables us to act morally, to enjoy beauty and to appreciate natureŐs magnificence. Kant forecast the possibility of a purely rational religion and that reason would lead to peace.
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Hegel aimed to make philosophy a comprehensive science. He saw progress as the work of reason and the historical process moving us through struggle and contradiction to a higher synthesis.
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Soren Kierkegarrd believed that truth emerges only from our subjective, private lives; but neither the selfish search for pleasure nor a responsible social life can fully satisfy us. He believed GodŐs existence cannot be proved, but that only a religious leap of faith can make our own finitude bearable and endow life with meaning.
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In 1883, Nietzsche boldly announced that God is dead. He also believed that truth is relative, he proposed to replace the values of traditional morality with the idea that creative human beings can use their energy, strength and intelligence to give purpose and meaning to their lives.
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Jean-Paul Sartre was a leading advocate of the view that we must establish our own existence and individual dignity, despite a meaningless life and a final death.
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$ 50.00
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No historical event, short of the American Revolution itself, has affected the United States as deeply as the Civil War. But much more than slavery was at stake. Was the United States one nation, indivisible under God? Or, was the United States a group of sovereign states, who could choose to disassociate?
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In the 18th century, some viewed economics as a branch of moral philosophy, while others called it 'political arithmetic.' This study examines the breakthroughs of the classical school, which included Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Thomas Malthus, and John Stuart Mill.
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To a group of late 19th-century German professors, classical economic theories only expressed what happens in a simplified world, not the real world. To solve pressing problems, they enthusiastically supported government intervention in the economy through social welfare legislation.
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Marx viewed capitalism as the systematic exploitation of workers by owners of capital. Many modern ideas about profits, monopoly, and antagonism between workers and employers are rooted in Marxism.
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In 1936, John Maynard Keynes introduced his view that capitalism is capable of remarkable efficiency, yet prone to instability caused by weak consumer demand. KeynesŐ analysis led directly to active government policies for stimulating demand, including deficit spending.
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Two great thinkers, Ludwig von Mises and Friedrich Hayek, defended free markets when others favored economic control by governments. Mises developed a concept of economics as human action, and Hayek challenged the possibilities of efficient socialism
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At the University of Chicago, Frank Knight was an abstract theorist who emphasized the importance of uninsurable uncertainty in economic affairs.
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Monetarists have opposed Keynesian economics, stating that markets are efficient if government does not exercise discretionary power over the nationsŐ money supply. Supply siders emphasize incentives for individual workers and investors, and they advocate lower tax rates to improve economic performance.
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$ 14.00
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by Hazlitt
Hazlitt's book examines and debunks the many fallacies and myths of economic thinking. Some of these ideas are centuries old, but they continue to plague us today. Hazlitt offers a simple 40-word sentence as his central lesson of economics.
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